Environmental thermodynamics lecture notes download book. Ib physicsthermal physics wikibooks, open books for an. Ib physics wikibooks, open books for an open world. Heat pump thermodynamic cycle heat physics experiments. Heat pumps and energy transfer science learning hub. The studentfriendly design makes this comprehensive book easy to use and the accessible language ensures that.
Most of the chapters conclude with a summary, troubleshooting and repair problems, and questions covering the minimum amount of knowledge that the reader should comprehend. The first law of thermodynamics is simply the principle of conservation of energy, which, in the case of a heat pump, states. Fluid properties, fluid statics, pressure, math for property balances, integral mass balance, integral momentum balance, integral energy balance, bernoulli equation, bernoulli applications, mechanical energy, dimensional analysis, laminar pipe flow, turbulent pipe flow, minor losses, single pipelines, pipe. In this section we will concentrate on its heating mode. The second law of thermodynamics boundless physics. Describe the use of heat engines in heat pumps and refrigerators. If the heat engine is run in reverse, one gets a heat pump. Insultingly stupid movie physics is one of the most humorous, entertaining, and readable physics books available, yet is filled with all kinds of useful content and clear explanations for high school, 1st semester college physics students, and film buffs it explains all 3 of newtons laws, the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics, momentum, energy, gravity, circular motion and a host of other.
A heat pump is a device that uses mechanical energy to pump heat from a cold to a hot reservoir. A household refrigerator removes heat from the food within it while exhausting heat to the surrounding air. Assume the motor running the heat pump is 100% efficient. Heat capacity is a measurable physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to an object to the resulting temperature change. Ib mjun17e1 74083bc for examiners use question mark.
Investigating the function of the expansion valve of the heat pump. The electrically driven compressor 4 increases the temperature and pressure of the. Physics professional graduate diploma in education pgde graduates only edinburgh napier university. Determining the efficiency of the heat pump as a function of the temperature differential. Coefficient of performance the quality of a heat pump is judged by how much heat transfer q h occurs into the warm space compared with how much work input w is required. Occasionally, due to the nature of some contractual restrictions, we are unable to ship to some territories. Latent heat of fusion and vaporization, specific heat. In an analogous way, the heat pump must carry some working substance usually a liquefiable gas through a cyclic process, during which. Do get the chemistry and physics oxford study guides. Understanding heat and the flow of heat allows us to build heat sinks that prevent our computers from overheating, build better engines, and prevent freeway overpasses from cracking. A heat pump is a special form of a heater, usually installed together with air conditioning capabilities in an hvac system when the expected climatic. Reducing heat pumps into these four stages is the primary means by which to understand how heat pumps work. Rotational dynamics is the name given to the branch of physics and engineering. The heat absorbed is called the refrigeration affect.
Heat exchanger design to choose a suitable heat exchanger for a certain application requires a level of knowledge and experience. The cop of the heat pump will increase if the temperature of the hot space is increased. Each chapter begins with an introduction to a particular phase of heat pump technology and then presents the more complex aspects of heat pump systems and controls. In the start of my ibdp, my teacher recommended to pick k. Advances in groundsource heat pump systems 1st edition. Heat engines are used for converting thermal energy to mechanical energy.
We also have a few articles on the prepscholar blog that you might find helpful for physics studying. Price and stock details listed on this site are as accurate as possible, and subject to change. Heat transfer from the outside to the inside, along with work done to run the pump, takes place in the heat pump of the example above. Ncert solutions for class 11 physics chapter 12 thermodynamics. A heat pump is a device that transfers heat energy from a source of heat to what is called a thermal reservoir. We end up correcting the results of the book in class it is full of mistakes and incorrest answers can some1 tell me which is the best ib physics book and give me the name of the author so i can search it and get some pictures of it coz we may order it in school ty. The standard unit for the rate of heat transferred is the watt w, defined as one joule per second use of the symbol q for the total amount of energy transferred as heat. Understanding, applications and skills are integrated in every topic, alongside tok links and realworld connections to truly. Free physics books download ebooks online textbooks tutorials. The former uses the outdoor air whereas the latter uses the underground water or earth temperature as its source of heating or cooling. Feb, 20 according to my understanding cop 2 is not possible for air to air heat pump. These books, literally, were blown up from the library shelves. Get free, curated resources for this textbook here.
Note that the cold temperature produced by the heat pump is lower than the outside temperature, so that heat transfer into the working fluid occurs. I found the idea in a little article by mark zemansky entitled the use and misuse of the word heat in physics teaching. Qh the heat flow into the heat pump from a high temperature th. Alevel physics question paper paper 3b cengineering. This physics video tutorial explains how to solve problems associated with the latent heat of fusion of ice and the latent heat of vaporization of ice. As we shall seeparticularly when we look at the second law of thermodynamicsthese concepts have a far broader range of application than you may at first imagine. Heat engines and heat pumps ib hl physics intuitor. However, in many applied fields in engineering the british thermal unit btu and the calorie are often used.
Heat pumps transfer heat from a cold to a hot region or backwards with respect to normal heat flow. This refrigerant is selected based on its useful physical properties during the different stages of operation inside a heat pump. Significantly revised and updated since its first publication in 1996, absorption chillers and heat pumps, second edition discusses the fundamental physics and major applications of absorption chillers. Absorption chillers and heat pumps 2nd edition keith e. Mar 22, 2020 elastic collisions, inelastic collisions and explosions.
Provide guards on all vacuum pumps and secure all compressed gas cylinders. Also presented are some recommended service and startup procedures, troubleshooting charts, and. I have this green physics book which i think iz garbage. By what factor does the cost of heating your home change when you replace your electric heating system with an electric heat pump that has a cop of 4. Refrigerators and heat pumps university physics volume 2. Thermodynamics deals with the conditions under which heat can be. Based on assumption that heat from the building is lost to the same air cold reservoir from where it is pumped to inside the building hot reservoir. Your ib physics course book oxford university press. The one shown here is based on a carnot reversible engine. The second law of thermodynamics comes in more than one form, but lets state in a way that makes it obviously true, based on what youve observed from simply being alive.
Physics question on heat transfer the student room. Turning heat into work thermodynamics is the branch of physics that studies the transformation of energy. The international baccalaureate organization known as the ib offers four high quality. This book covers basic heat pump operation, including. Your ib physics course book to help you gauge your progress and understanding, the answers for all the material in your ib physics course book are available here. Heat, energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature. In the heating mode, heat transfer q c q c size 12q rsub size 8c occurs to the working fluid in the evaporator 3 from the colder outdoor air, turning it into a gas. The addition of heat energy allows for the increase in phase energy from solid to liquid. Heat and work example this example of the interchangeability of heat and work as agents for adding energy to a system can help to dispel some misconceptions about heat. Heat pumps used for cooling will typically have a cop about 1 less than that of those used for heating simply because the power expended in their operation doesnt contribute to what is considered the good result. Heat engines and the second law boston university physics. Heat pumps fundamentals and applications walter grassi. There will be a diagram in most physics text books in the meantime.
Thermal physics is essentially the study of heat, temperature, and heat transfer. T h is the temperature of the heat pump s working fluid vapour the first law of thermodynamics is. Heat pump technology, third edition, is designed for use by the instructor and students in a classroom environment, or as a source for independent study. Applying the calorimetric techniques of specific heat capacity or specific.
Other articles where geothermal heat pump is discussed. The electrically driven compressor 4 increases the temperature and pressure of the gas and forces it into the condenser coils. Assume that the transfer of heat is 100% efficient. A heat pump or fridge can be represented by a similar diagram to the one used for the heat engine but with the arrows representing energy flows reversed. If two bodies at different temperatures are brought together, energy is transferredi. The energy entering an electric heater by electrical transmission can be converted to internal energy with an efficiency of 100%. Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the concepts of heat and. What is residential heat pump wiring electrical code answers. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so answer all the questions. Sep 03, 2018 a reader requests expansion of this book to include more material. For a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat to a specific area.
The information presented here along with the books referenced here is certainly a good start. Mar 22, 2020 access more ib physics study tools by looking at past ib physics papers. The only dp physics resource that includes support directly from the ib, focused exam practice, tok links and reallife applications drive achievement. We first consider a refrigerator figure \\pageindex1\. T h is the temperature of the heat pumps working fluid vapour. The text describes the main features of currently available heat pumps, focusing on system operation and interactions with external heat sources.
A heat pump works like a heat engine but in reverse, using a work input to enable the transfer. More heat can be transferred than the work input, since conservation of energy first law of td expresses work in terms of difference between and,q2 q1. Ib physicsthermal physics wikibooks, open books for an open world. In this case, the engine is known as a refrigerator or a heat pump, depending on what is the focus. When designing or choosing a heat exchanger there is no single correct solution. Physics with astrophysics with a year in industry university of york. Thermodynamics is the field of physics that deals with the relationship between heat and other properties such as pressure, density, temperature, etc. This unique field guide discusses in detail the various aspects of heat pump selection, installation, and service. The temperature of the source of the heat engine is 100 0 k and the heat sink is the atmosphere at 29 3 k. The increase in internal energy of a system is equal to the thermal energy added plus the work done on the system. While the popularity of absorption chillers began to dwindle in the united states in the late 1990s, a shift towards sustainability, green buildings and the use of. It is essentially an air conditioner and a heating unit all in one.
A heat pump uses external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink. For math sl or hl, the textbook by haese was the only textbook ive used and it is excellent. The purpose of this engine is to remove heat from the cold reservoir, which is the space inside the refrigerator for an actual household refrigerator or the space inside a building for an airconditioning unit. In the heating mode, heat transfer q c occurs to the working fluid in the evaporator 3 from the colder outdoor air, turning it into a gas.
You may use the textbook to find any moments of inertia you may require. Heat pumps will typically transfer more heat than the work input required to run them and are an economical form of heating for buildings in areas with mild winters. The fundamentals are presented first, and then the more complex subjects are covered in detail. The effect is usually an increase in the temperature of the colder body. A heat pump is a special form of a heater, usually installed together with air conditioning. Q c represents the thermal energy taken from the outside air. T c is the temperature of the heat pump s working fluid liquid. A refrigerator or heat pump absorbs heat from the cold reservoir at kelvin temperature and discards heat to the hot reservoir at kelvin temperature while work w is done on the engines working substance, as shown by the arrow pointing toward the system in the figure. This bestselling fifth edition is now available in full colour. In fact, before choosing a heat pump, several aspects must be assessed in detail. Heat pumps utilize a working fluid called a refrigerant. It shows how heat engines can be run in reverse in order to act as heating or cooling.
The most comprehensive match to the 2014 physics syllabus, this completely revised edition gives you unrivalled support for the conceptbased approach, the nature of science. The only diploma program physics resource developed with the ib to accurately match the new 2014 syllabus for both sl and hl. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Actually, a heat pump can be used both to heat and cool a space. A bestseller now available in full colour, covering the entire ib syllabus. Chapters 17 and 18 established two laws of thermodynamics. This number can be found in the ib physics data booklet to be equal to 6. It specifies appropriate electrical wire sizing, appropriate ampacity of. Many practical devices are designed to transform energy from one form, such as the heat from burning fuel, into another, such as work. Specifically, thermodynamics focuses largely on how a heat transfer is related to various energy changes within a physical system undergoing a thermodynamic process. The international baccalaureate organization known as the ib offers four highquality.
Advances in groundsource heat pump systems relates the latest information on source heat pumps gshps, the types of heating andor cooling systems that transfer heat from, or to, the ground, or, less commonly, a body of water as one of the fastest growing renewable energy technologies, they are amongst the most energy efficient systems for space heating, cooling, and hot water production. Geothermal heat pumps ghps take advantage of the relatively stable moderate temperature conditions that occur within the first 300 metres 1,000 feet of the surface to heat buildings in the winter and cool them in the summer. An explanation of the operation of a real heat pump or fridge requires consideration of cooling caused by evaporation. It has been written for the ib student and covers the entire ib syllabus, including all the options at both standard level and higher level. Oxford ib diploma programme michael bowenjones, david homer isbn. Analyzing the cyclical process of the heat pump with the mollier diagram. Mar 27, 2014 the only diploma program physics resource developed with the ib to accurately match the new 2014 syllabus for both sl and hl. From wikibooks, open books for an open world ib physics. Q h represents the thermal energy transferred to the inside of the house. A refrigerator or heat pump absorbs heat q c q c from the cold reservoir at kelvin temperature t c t c and discards heat q h q h to the hot reservoir at kelvin temperature t h, t h, while work w is done on the engines working substance, as shown by the arrow pointing toward the system in the figure.
Heat pumps, air conditioners, and refrigerators are heat engines operated backward. Heat, in physics heat is not in inside an object but heat is the transfer of energy from one object to another so when you touch an object and it feels hot, what youre feeling is the heat youre feeling the energy being transferred from that hot object to your hand and that energy once its in your hand its not making your hand hot its transferring internal energy so when we talk about heat. Ice, a solid, will be in a lower energy state than water, a liquid. The information below is provided for further enrichment. Heat pumps move thermal energy in the opposite direction of spontaneous heat transfer, by absorbing heat from a cold space and releasing it to a warmer one. We can understand this by appealing again to a bit of quantum physics.
Based on the basic principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, analysis on the refrigeration system and airconditioning system will be practiced. Teachers can provide details of useful resources, for example. This revised edition gives you unrivalled support for the new conceptbased approach to learning. The energy entering an electric heater by electrical. There are two types of heat pumps that are commonly used today.
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